Small Copper
Lycaena phlaeas
Tap image to enlarge · Wikimedia Commons
Overview
A small but brilliantly-coloured butterfly of open grassland and dune edges. The copper and black upper wing pattern is unmistakeable and catches the eye in sunlight. Males are highly territorial, launching from a perch to investigate passing insects. The Sefton Coast's dune grassland holds good numbers. It's one of those butterflies that rewards patience — sit near a warm, sheltered south-facing dune slope and they will come to you.
At a Glance
| Order | Lepidoptera |
| Family | Lycaenidae |
| Habitat | Open dune grassland · Disturbed ground · Rough grassland |
| Diet | Adults: various small flowers. Larvae: Common Sorrel, Sheep's Sorrel |
| UK population | Widespread but declining across Britain |
| Sefton Coast | Regular on dune grassland throughout the Sefton Coast |
| Conservation | UK Green List |
Where to See It
Open dune grassland and disturbed ground. Active in sunshine, settles on low vegetation.
Identification
Small. Upper forewing brilliant copper-orange with black spots. Hindwing dark with orange band. Underside pale. Very fast flight.
Viewing & Photography Tips
Watch warm, sheltered south-facing dune slopes in late summer. Males often return to the same prominent perch after chasing rivals.
Conservation Status
UK Green List
This species has a favourable conservation status in the UK and remains an important part of Sefton Coast biodiversity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why are male Small Copper butterflies so aggressive?
Male Small Coppers hold small territories and aggressively chase away any other insect that enters — including much larger butterflies, bees and even passing dragonflies. This is mate-guarding behaviour: the territory is a perch from which males spot and court passing females. The same perch is often used repeatedly, so if you find one, wait for the resident male to return.
Related Species
Plan your visit to the Sefton Coast
Marshside RSPB, Formby pinewoods, Ainsdale NNR — practical guides to getting there, what to bring, and the best spots for each season.