Grayling
Hipparchia semele
Overview
The Grayling is a master of camouflage — it rests on bare ground or bark and tilts toward the sun to minimise its shadow, becoming virtually invisible. The Sefton Coast's sandy dune habitats are perfect for it. When disturbed it flies a short distance and lands again, instantly vanishing. The undersides are beautifully patterned in grey, white and brown. The UK population has declined significantly and the coastal dune populations are increasingly important.
At a Glance
| Order | Lepidoptera |
| Family | Nymphalidae |
| Habitat | Open bare sand · Fixed dune · Dune heath · Coastal grassland |
| Diet | Adults: little feeding — mainly honeydew and occasional flowers. Larvae: various grasses. |
| UK population | Declining significantly — lost from inland England, now mainly coastal and specialist habitats |
| Sefton Coast | Regular in open sandy dune areas at Ainsdale; one of the more reliable northwest England sites |
| Conservation | UK Amber List |
Where to See It
Open sandy areas in fixed dunes at Ainsdale NNR and Birkdale. Rests on bare sand.
Identification
Medium butterfly. Brown above with an orange-ringed eye spot. Sits with wings closed showing mottled grey-brown underside. Tilts toward sun when resting.
Viewing & Photography Tips
Walk slowly across open sandy dunes and watch for butterflies that land and instantly disappear. Mark where they land and approach very slowly — they hold their position remarkably well.
Conservation Status
UK Amber List
This species is of moderate conservation concern. Population monitoring and habitat management on the Sefton Coast support its continued recovery.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why does the Grayling tilt toward the sun?
The Grayling tilts its body toward the sun to reduce the shadow it casts on the ground — a shadow would reveal its presence to predators. By angling perpendicular to the sun, it minimises its visible profile. This behaviour, combined with its exceptional camouflage, makes it one of the most difficult butterflies to spot once it has landed.
Related Species
Plan your visit to the Sefton Coast
Marshside RSPB, Formby pinewoods, Ainsdale NNR — practical guides to getting there, what to bring, and the best spots for each season.