Cormorant
Phalacrocorax carbo
Overview
The Cormorant is a large, prehistoric-looking black seabird that regularly holds its wings out to dry — it lacks the waterproofing oils of other seabirds, so after diving it needs to air-dry. This wing-spreading posture on posts and rocks is one of the most distinctive wildlife sights on the Sefton Coast. They breed in colonies in trees (inland) or on cliff ledges and are common on the estuaries year-round. The white thigh patch visible in breeding plumage in spring is a good feature.
At a Glance
| Order | Suliformes |
| Family | Phalacrocoracidae |
| Habitat | Estuary · Coastal lagoon · Open sea · River |
| Diet | Fish — pursues fish underwater, using feet for propulsion |
| UK population | Around 9,000 pairs; green-listed |
| Sefton Coast | Common year-round on the estuaries and Marshside; nests in trees at some inland sites |
| Conservation | UK Green List |
Where to See It
Ribble Estuary channels, Marshside RSPB lagoons, Alt Estuary, offshore.
Identification
Large, black, elongated seabird. Long neck, hooked bill, orange throat pouch. Holds wings out to dry in characteristic crucifix posture. Flies with neck held kinked, not straight. White chin patch.
Viewing & Photography Tips
Check any post, buoy or prominent rock on the estuary for the classic wing-spreading posture. They're also commonly seen flying low over the estuary with powerful wingbeats.
Conservation Status
UK Green List
This species is on the UK Green List, indicating a healthy population status in the UK context. It remains an important component of Sefton Coast biodiversity.
Frequently Asked Questions
Why do Cormorants spread their wings to dry?
Unlike most waterbirds, Cormorants lack fully waterproof plumage — their feathers absorb water during diving, which reduces buoyancy and makes it easier to dive. After fishing, this wet plumage must be dried. The wing-spreading behaviour allows air circulation to dry the feathers. The trade-off (reduced insulation when wet) is thought to be an adaptation enabling efficient diving.
Related Species
Plan your visit to the Sefton Coast
Marshside RSPB, Formby pinewoods, Ainsdale NNR — practical guides to getting there, what to bring, and the best spots for each season.